Can drones fly over private property?
The short answer to this question is yes and no โ it's legal to fly a drone over private property. However, there are restrictions on how high you can fly and where you can take off from (which, in most cases, is your own home).
Find the drone pilot and ask them to stop flying the drone over your home. Also, post signs on your property requesting that people don't fly drones in the area. It's illegal for you to forcibly remove the drone from the area above your property by shooting it down or using a net, signal jammer, or any other method.
Civil Code Section 1708.8: Prohibits the use of drones to capture video and/or a sound recording of another person without their consent (invasion of privacy). Violators are liable for up to three times the amount of damages related to the violation, and a civil fine of between $5,000 and $50,000.
If you feel a drone is spying on you, you should call the police or report it to the FAA. The appropriate authority to deal with cases of a spying drone is the local police force that deals with complaints of stalking or peeping toms. You may call in the FAA if the drone is being operated illegally or in an unsafe way.
Flying a drone over public or private property for aerial photography is illegal. Under Georgian law, violations of one's privacy rights are punishable. Liability insurance is required for drone operators.
Jammers work by blasting electromagnetic noise at the radio frequencies that drones use to operate and emit information. Effectively, they drown out the conversation between a drone and its operator. This is usually either 2.4Ghz or 5.8Ghz, which are non-assigned, public frequencies.
A laser pointer can bring a drone down, especially the high-powered ones. They heat the drone, damage its wiring system, and interfere with the pilot's field of view. However, using a laser pointer to interfere with a drone is illegal, and you can be imprisoned or pay a hefty penalty for the crime.
Taking Down A Drone Could Constitute Destruction
You may also be charged with destruction of personal property and required to pay for the drone you took down. If a drone is taking pictures of your neighbor's backyard, you are not legally allowed to destroy it.
The FAA requires that all drones must operate within line-of-sight, which means that the pilot must be able to see the aircraft at all times. A drone can be flown anywhere where it is safe to do so, including residential neighborhoods.
- Counter the Drone Threat.
- Drone Monitoring Equipment.
- Radio Frequency (RF) Analysers.
- Optical Sensors (Cameras)
- Acoustic Sensors (Microphones)
- Radar.
- Drone Countermeasure Equipment.
- Radio Frequency Jammers.
Is it illegal to fly drones around someone's house?
Criminal Trespassing on Private Property
Or if you're a real estate agent using a drone to take aerial shots of a property, you could also be subject to trespassing laws if your drone flies near or over adjoining property. Several states have enacted laws specifically addressing trespass by drone use.
AARTOSโข Drone Detection App Highlights
Available for iOS and Android.
There could be several reasons why a drone might be following you. It could be for the purpose of surveillance, advertising, or recreational use. If you are concerned about a drone following you, you should consider contacting local authorities or the drone's operator to address the issue.
Drone operation is prohibited in Georgia's State Parks and Historic Sites. However, occasionally waivers are approved for professional commercial projects which may generate revenue or in other ways help promote the sites. In these cases, prior approval is required from the Division Director.
You do not need a drone license if your drone use is recreational and falls within the scope of 44809. However, to fly your drone commercially or under the FAA's Small UAS Rule (Part 107), you must first obtain a Remote Pilot Certificate (RPC), also known as a drone license or a Part 107 certificate.
Do you have to register your drone in Georgia? Yes. Georgia drone regulations require that you register your drone with the FAA and firmly affix the FAA drone registration number to your aircraft prior to flight.
An anti-drone jammer works by emitting radio frequency signals in the same frequency range as the drone's control signal, disrupting its ability to communicate with the remote control or GPS. This interference can cause the drone to lose its orientation or even fall out of the sky, making it inoperable.
Long Range, Highly Effective Countermeasure
The DroneGun Tactical provides a safe countermeasure against a wide range of UAS threats (e.g. drones), with no damage to common UAS models or surrounding environment.
Use a dual-band GPS, such as the F9. Many GPS jammers only jam the L1 band. Use Optical Flow and fly during the day. Optiflow can work well enough at any altitude to make sure the drone doesn't crash if GPS gets jammed.
It is also illegal to throw anything at the drone in an attempt to knock it out of the sky. When this happens, it is imperative to inform your local law enforcement and local FAA Flight Standards Office (FSDO). Stories of drone pilots having their drones shot at are incredibly common.
What can destroy a drone?
Lasers. Like electronic jamming and high-power microwaves, lasers operate at the speed of light to achieve non-kinetic kill. A high-energy laser can destroy most drones in seconds by heating the vehicle to a point where systems fail.
For one thing, US law prohibits disabling of aircraft; DoD or Homeland Security may be authorized to disable a drone they identify as a terrorist threat (let's say at the Super Bowl) but local police or stadium security cannot legally bring the drone down under current law.
Currently, drones cannot โseeโ through walls. While some technologies, such as radar and thermal imaging, can detect objects or surfaces behind walls or other obstacles, they do not allow a drone to see through the wall in the same way that a person would see through a window.
The best way to tell if a drone is watching you at night is to detect if the red lights of the drone are facing your direction and the green lights away from you. This means that the drone has the camera oriented towards your general direction.
What to do if a drone lands on your grounds/property. If you find a drone that's landed on your property, call the police immediately so that they can deal with it. If the drone has caused damage whilst flying over your property, or when it landed on your property you could be entitled to compensation from the owner.
All drone operators required to register their UAS must operate their aircraft in accordance with the final rule on remote ID beginning September 16, 2023, which gives drone owners sufficient time to upgrade their aircraft.
When you fly a drone above 400 feet, you risk a dangerous in-flight collision that can damage equipment and lead to unwanted consequences. Most near-miss events between aircraft occur above 400 feet. You may risk losing your drone at great heights.
Remote ID helps the FAA, law enforcement, and other federal agencies find the control station when a drone appears to be flying in an unsafe manner or where it is not allowed to fly.
Yes, radar can detect all types of drones regardless of whether it uses RF communication, GPS preprogramming or Wifi/Cellular communication. The only limit to radar detection is the size of the drone.
The latest FAA rules allow drones to fly at night. So if you're in the United States, and happen to see a drone in your neighborhood, probably a filmmaker wants to get some night shots. Law Enforcement officers are also using drones for aerial surveillance, which could happen during the day or at night.
How far can a drone camera see?
Drone cameras usually have a visual range of about 1,500-2,000 feet for daytime viewing and about 165 feet for nighttime viewing. This is because drone cameras are usually not equipped to handle images at night. The distance a drone camera can see is dependent on multiple factors.
No, you cannot shoot a drone out of the sky. Drones are considered aircraft by the National Transportation Safety Board and are protected. โThe same law that prevents you from shooting down a 747, or a Cessna 172, or something like that, protects our drones while we are in the air.
No, you cannot shoot down a drone in Texas. It is illegal to take any action that interferes with the operation of another person's drone. This means that if someone else's drone is flying over your property and filming you without your permission, then you can take action against them.
In general, military drones fly at altitudes of up to 50,000 feet, although some drones may have lower ceiling limits.
During nighttime operations, police drones are equipped with distinctive red and green lights, akin to those seen on airplanes. The red lights are positioned on the left side of the drone, while the right side features green lights.
- Dronecast โ Weather & Fly Map. Features.
- DroneDeploy โ Mapping for DJI. Features.
- Aerial Armor. Features.
- Litchi for DJI Drones. Features.
- Dronefinder. Features.
- Dronar โ FlyWatching for Drone. Features.
- Dronelink Flight. Features.
- Final Thoughts.
Quite simply, a follow me drone is one that follows you or a subject of your choosing autonomously. Not only does this make for a much easier piloting, photographing and videoing experience, but it also makes for more natural shots โ especially if you want or need to be in them.
In general, most police drones can fly up to several kilometers (typically between 3-7 kilometers or 2-4 miles) from the operator, although some high-end models can have a flight range of up to 15 kilometers (9 miles) or more.
Yes, you can fly drones in a national forest and national grassland. The U.S. Forest Service does not prohibit flying drones over much of its lands.
You can fly a drone in your backyard or on any private property. However, you can do so if and only if you live in a place that is not a no-fly zone or otherwise regulated by local ordinances. You must also make sure that you are complying with all of the other regulations regarding drone flying.
What are the laws for flying a drone in Georgia?
Do not fly drones more than 400 feet above any physical terrain or water surface. Do not operate drones near aircrafts or airports. A minimum of a 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) horizontal distance must be maintained from any aerodrome. It is unlawful to use a drone in the commission of a crime.
To fly under Part 107, you need to pass the FAA's drone pilot exam called the Airman Knowledge Test. We offer two options for learning to suit your study needs. Drone Pilot Georgia offers a learning path via online courses available at anytime via our partnership with Drone Pilot Ground School.
Bathing suits must be covered. The lighthouse may close without warning due to adverse weather conditions. Drones are not allowed to fly over the Tybee Island Light Station and Museum on Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, Fridays, Saturdays, & Sundays during the hours of 9AM to 5:30PM.
Flying a drone over public or private property for aerial photography is illegal. Under Georgian law, violations of one's privacy rights are punishable.
Jekyll Island is a Georgia State Park, and with the exception of a special waiver all drones are prohibited in all Georgia State Parks.
The Anti-UAV Defense System (AUDS) is a large, military-level jammer that uses a high-powered radio signal to jam drones.
- Obtain A 2.4 GHz Wifi Antenna. ...
- Purchase A 2.4 Ghz Amplifier. ...
- Obtain An Amplifier Power Supply And Power Cord. ...
- Get A Portable Battery Pack. ...
- Purchase Or Obtain A Pelican Case. ...
- Drill Airholes Into The Pelican Case. ...
- Drill Holes For The Coaxial Connectors On The Pelican Case.
- Counter the Drone Threat.
- Drone Monitoring Equipment.
- Radio Frequency (RF) Analysers.
- Optical Sensors (Cameras)
- Acoustic Sensors (Microphones)
- Radar.
- Drone Countermeasure Equipment.
- Radio Frequency Jammers.
Lasers. Like electronic jamming and high-power microwaves, lasers operate at the speed of light to achieve non-kinetic kill.
An anti-drone gun, also known as a portable electromagnetic weapon, is a device specifically designed to remove unwanted drones from the air. It can be used for a variety of applications, including security, privacy protection and protection against drones that are dangerous or flying in the air uninvited.
Can you shoot down a spying drone?
Shooting a drone is a violation of US Code 32. The Code aims to protect drones from any damage and destruction.
One way to jam a drone is to use an RF Jammer, which broadcasts radio frequencies that interfere with the drone's ability to receive and transmit signals. Another way is to use an RF Signal Booster, which amplifies your own signal in order to overpower the drone's signal.
Today, jammers can be bought online for as low as $50.
There could be several reasons why a drone might be following you. It could be for the purpose of surveillance, advertising, or recreational use. If you are concerned about a drone following you, you should consider contacting local authorities or the drone's operator to address the issue.
How long can drones stay flying? The average flight time of toy drones is about 10 minutes. The average flight time for mid-level drones is about 22 minutes. The average flight time of high-end consumer drones is about 28 minutes.
Back LED is always red to indicate you are seeing the back of the drone. Top LED: Green means you're in beginner mode and red means you're in advanced mode. Flashing lights means your battery is low and no light means off or battery is dead.
References
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/green_fund.asp
- https://www.goodbody.ie/insights/your-investments/navigating-a-rising-inflation-environment
- https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/062415/what-are-major-categories-financial-risk-company.asp
- https://wallethub.com/answers/pl/is-plain-green-a-direct-lender-1000462-2140773356/
- https://www.thedroneu.com/blog/usa-drone-laws-regulations-by-state/
- https://business.gov.au/risk-management/risk-assessment-and-planning/business-risks
- https://discoveryoftech.com/how-to-jam-drone-signals/
- https://discoveryoftech.com/how-to-make-a-drone-jammer/
- https://www.expressvpn.com/blog/4-ways-to-hide-from-drone-surveillance/
- https://wallethub.com/answers/pl/does-a-plain-green-loan-build-credit-1000510-2140810309/
- https://www.credible.com/blog/personal-loan/30000-loan/
- https://www.fnbo.com/insights/personal-finance/2023/7-tips-help-you-survive-inflation-2023
- https://www.eatingwell.com/article/7962886/the-foods-most-and-least-affected-by-inflation/
- https://www.investor.gov/introduction-investing/investing-basics/what-risk
- https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/042415/what-are-primary-sources-market-risk.asp
- https://wallethub.com/answers/pl/what-happens-if-i-stop-paying-a-plain-green-personal-loan-1000503-2140798140/
- https://www.key.com/kpb/our-insights/articles/selling-and-hedging-strategies.html
- https://corporate.enelx.com/en/question-and-answers/benefits-of-sustainable-development
- https://www.iwillteachyoutoberich.com/income-producing-assets/
- https://www.nordea.com/en/news/what-are-green-loans
- https://www.jouav.com/blog/drone-with-longest-flight-time.html
- https://www.mas.gov.sg/-/media/MAS/News/Media-Releases/2020/MAS-Green-Finance-Action-Plan.pdf
- https://www.aerialsolutions.be/en/product/anti-drone-gun/
- https://www.veracash.com/blog/theres-no-such-thing-as-a-risk-free-investment
- https://discoveryoftech.com/can-drones-see-through-walls/
- https://congress-files.s3.amazonaws.com/2022-07/Are%2520green%2520loans%2520less%2520risky%2520Micro-evidence%2520from%2520an%2520European%2520Emerging%2520Economy.pdf
- https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/12/dedrone-jammer/
- https://thirstproductions.com/7-strategies-for-managing-marketing-risk/
- https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/management/greenfield-investment/
- https://uavcoach.com/drone-laws-georgia/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_Green_Loans
- https://www.plaingreenloans.com/services/faqs
- https://discoveryoftech.com/what-does-a-police-drone-look-like-at-night/
- https://www.robinradar.com/press/blog/10-counter-drone-technologies-to-detect-and-stop-drones-today
- https://www.santander.com/en/stories/what-are-sustainable-finance-and-esg
- https://www.remoteflyer.com/why-are-there-drone-in-the-sky-at-night/
- https://www.boondockersbible.com/knowledgebase/can-you-fly-drones-in-a-national-forest/
- https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/investing/the-best-investments-right-now
- http://www.amit-sengupta.com/how-does-an-anti-drone-jammer-works/
- https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/021615/what-safest-investment.asp
- https://cultofdrone.com/stop-drone-flying-over-your-house/
- https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/best-recession-stocks/
- https://www.gfoa.org/materials/managing-market-risk-in-investment-portfolios
- https://time.com/personal-finance/article/savings-bonds-guide/
- https://www.allianz-trade.com/en_US/insights/how-to-assess-financial-risk.html
- https://www.discover.com/personal-loans/resources/learn-about-personal-loans/how-a-green-loan-can-help-you-save-money/
- https://www.stessa.com/blog/inflation-and-real-estate/
- https://spinmastersupport.helpshift.com/hc/en/4-air-hogs/faq/789-what-do-the-lights-on-my-micro-race-drone-mean/?s=micro-race-drone
- https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/how-to-get-a-personal-loan-without-a-credit-check/
- https://wallethub.com/edu/cc/soft-pull-credit-cards/48451
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_risk
- https://www.thecommons.earth/blog/what-is-a-green-loan-and-a-closer-look-at-green-mortgages
- https://www.jrmartincpa.com/what-industries-benefit-from-inflation-an-insiders-guide/
- https://money.usnews.com/loans/personal-loans/articles/can-i-borrow-money-with-a-500-credit-score
- https://www.cfainstitute.org/en/membership/professional-development/refresher-readings/measuring-managing-market-risk
- https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/032415/which-investments-have-highest-historical-returns.asp
- https://www.charteredbanker.com/qualification/diploma-in-green-and-sustainable-finance.html
- https://www.vsecu.com/rates/personal-green-loan-rates/
- https://www.mcbfunds.com/mutual-fund-basics/
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketrisk.asp
- https://www.droneblog.com/drone-following-me/
- https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/042415/how-does-market-risk-differ-specific-risk.asp
- https://skykam.co.uk/how-high-can-a-drone-fly/
- https://drone-laws.com/drone-laws-in-the-state-of-georgia-us/
- https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2023-08/policy_brief_-_greening_the_financial_system_of_pakistan.pdf
- https://greenfinanceportal.env.go.jp/en/loan/overview/about.html
- https://www.livemint.com/news/india/rbi-issued-draft-guidelines-for-minimum-capital-requirements-for-market-risk-11676712310968.html
- https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/loans/personal-loans/credit-score-need-get-personal-loan
- https://wallethub.com/credit-score-range/400-credit-score
- https://www.jouav.com/blog/police-drone.html
- https://dronesgator.com/how-to-see-a-drone-at-night/
- https://www.droneshield.com/products/dronegun-tactical
- https://www.plaingreenloans.com/
- https://www.federalreserve.gov/reportforms/formsreview/FR%204201%20OMB%20SS%202019.pdf
- https://greenly.earth/en-us/blog/ecology-news/your-guide-to-sustainable-finance
- https://www.wrike.com/marketing-guide/faq/what-is-marketing-risk-management/
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-cash-isnt-always-ing-when-inflation-reigns-gareth
- https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/market-risk-premium/
- https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/best-investments-to-beat-inflation/
- https://discoveryoftech.com/how-to-legally-take-down-a-drone/
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflationrisk.asp
- https://scripbox.com/mf/why-are-mutual-funds-subject-to-market-risk/
- https://www.lakeroadadvisors.com/2018-6-5-3-reasons-risk-is-not-a-bad-thing/
- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/sustainable-finance-challenges-opportunities-jay-makhijani
- https://cleartax.in/glossary/market-risk
- https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2022/11/01/defeating-drones-the-most-promising-weapons-are-all-non-kinetic/
- https://appian.com/blog/acp/finance/green-finance-vs-esg.html
- https://www.creditkarma.com/personal-loans/i/chime-loan-review
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketriskpremium.asp
- https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/about/contact-us/faqs/why-is-sustainable-finance-important
- https://www.morningstar.com/markets/what-invest-during-high-inflation
- https://www.findlaw.com/consumer/consumer-transactions/drone-laws-by-state.html
- https://fortune.com/2023/10/18/inflation-tax-made-1-middle-class-richer-nber-working-paper/
- https://drone-laws.com/drone-laws-in-georgia-the-country/
- https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/080813/how-profit-inflation.asp
- https://www.plaingreenloans.com/disclosures/policy-on-responsible-lending
- https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/best-safe-investments/
- https://www.droneblog.com/backyard/
- https://smartasset.com/investing/average-return-on-an-all-bond-portfolio
- https://www.plaingreenloans.com/services/easy-loans-application-process
- https://www.federalreserve.gov/supervisionreg/topics/market_risk_mgmt.htm
- https://dronedeliver.co.uk/best-follow-me-drones/
- https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/when-a-drone-flies-over-my-house-is-it-trespassing.html
- https://www.westernsouthern.com/investments/the-impact-of-inflation-on-your-savings-and-investments
- https://www.thebalancemoney.com/what-is-market-risk-5194188
- https://www.thrivent.com/insights/investing/how-does-inflation-affect-stocks
- https://www.simplilearn.com/financial-risk-and-types-rar131-article
- https://kuvera.in/blog/risk-free-asset/
- https://www.wikihow.com/Stop-Drones-from-Flying-over-Your-House
- https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/111414/does-inflation-favor-lenders-or-borrowers.asp
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskfreeasset.asp
- https://smartasset.com/financial-advisor/inflationary-risk
- https://discoveryoftech.com/can-i-fly-a-drone-in-my-neighborhood/
- https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/financial-stability/fsr/focus/2007/pdf/ecb~caa6672472.fsrbox200706_13.pdf
- https://www.risk.net/definition/market-risk
- https://www.hklaw.com/en/insights/publications/2023/01/green-lending-in-commercial-real-estate-four-core-components
- https://www.usaa.com/inet/wc/advice-finances-safe-place-for-saving-cash
- https://drone-detection-system.com/aartos-dds/aartos-app/
- https://www.gov.za/about-government/government-programmes/green-fund
- https://lanterncredit.com/personal-loans/cancel-a-personal-loan
- https://pilotinstitute.com/what-to-do-when-someone-shoots-at-your-drone/
- https://www.faa.gov/uas/getting_started/remote_id
- https://dronesgator.com/can-you-shoot-drones/
- https://uavcoach.com/drone-laws-in-georgia/
- https://dronepilotgeorgia.com/training.php
- https://discoveryoftech.com/why-would-a-drone-be-following-me/
- https://hbr.org/2022/11/how-to-manage-your-money-during-a-recession
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_finance
- https://www.pwc.nl/en/insights-and-publications/services-and-industries/financial-sector/six-key-challenges-for-financial-institutions-to-deal-with-ESG-risks.html
- https://typeset.io/questions/what-are-the-disadvantages-of-green-banking-4w0ri1783k
- https://www.quora.com/Can-you-fly-a-drone-on-the-beach-in-Jekyll-Island
- https://wallethub.com/edu/pl/plain-green-loans-review/61978
- https://www.synchronybank.com/blog/what-to-do-during-inflation/
- https://ecagbac.org/blue-finance-financing-the-ocean-economy/
- https://wallethub.com/answers/pl/can-i-get-a-loan-online-without-talking-to-someone-2140792919/
- https://federaldroneregistration.com/georgia-drone-registration
- https://learn.org/articles/Whats_the_Job_Description_of_a_Market_Risk_Analyst.html
- https://www.dartdrones.com/blog/what-happens-if-you-fly-a-drone-above-400-feet/
- https://discuss.ardupilot.org/t/avoid-drone-jammer/53134
- https://www.unep.org/regions/asia-and-pacific/regional-initiatives/supporting-resource-efficiency/green-financing
- https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/risk-management/risk/
- https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/business/article272664003.html
- https://kidshelpline.com.au/teens/issues/taking-risks
- https://www.bigissue.com/news/activism/changemakers-2024-climate-environment-sustainability/
- https://www.zdnet.com/article/cheap-gps-jammers-endanger-drones/
- https://discoveryoftech.com/can-i-shoot-down-a-drone-in-texas/
- https://www.forbes.com/advisor/personal-loans/best-no-credit-check-loans/
- https://discoveryoftech.com/how-far-can-a-drone-camera-see/
- https://www.tybeelighthouse.org/visitor-general-info
- https://applingle.com/8-drone-detection-apps-for-android-ios/
- https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/081315/9-top-assets-protection-against-inflation.asp
- https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/interviewing/biggest-risk-youve-ever-taken-question
- https://www.911security.com/en-us/knowledge-hub/drone-detection/radar
- https://web.stanford.edu/~jbulow/Lehmandocs/docs/DEBTORS/LBHI_SEC07940_767665-767667.pdf
- https://www.droneblog.com/laser-pointer/
- https://www.kpax.com/news/national/what-are-your-privacy-rights-when-it-comes-to-drones
- https://www.financestrategists.com/wealth-management/investment-risk/market-risk/
- https://www.bankrate.com/investing/best-short-term-investments/
- https://willowdaleequity.com/blog/what-assets-do-well-in-stagflation/
- https://www.learnsignal.com/blog/market-risk/
- https://www.ysil.in/docs/default-source/other/standard-disclaimer_research.pdf
- https://www.fisdom.com/glossary/subjective-risk/
- https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/market-risk/
- https://www.creditkarma.com/personal-loans/i/green-loans-best-of
- https://www.911security.com/knowledge-hub/counter-drone-technology/jammers-and-spoofers
- https://www.investopedia.com/easiest-personal-loans-approved-7644059